A significant debate has emerged in Gabon following the introduction of new regulations governing digital platforms. An ordinance dated February 26, which only recently became public knowledge after leaking online, has introduced strict transparency requirements for all internet users. The most contentious part of the text is Article 4, which officially outlaws the use of pseudonyms.
Under these new rules, every social media user must be clearly identifiable by their full legal name and their personal identification number (NIP). Businesses operating online are also required to provide their official commercial registry information to remain compliant.
Support for digital accountability
Bienvenue Effayong, a content creator close to the government who is widely known by the alias “Bitome” (meaning “the problems”), has voiced strong support for the measure. Having frequently been the target of anonymous online attacks, Effayong believes the legislation is long overdue.
He expressed total agreement with the ban, stating that many individuals currently use fake profiles and aliases to spread defamation, hurl insults, or attempt to destabilize the country under the cloak of anonymity. For Effayong, the new law ensures that every citizen is held accountable for their online actions.
Concerns over the erosion of free speech
Conversely, the ordinance has drawn sharp criticism from those who see it as a threat to civil liberties. Marcel Libama, a former deputy of the Transition, argues that the regulation violates the freedom of expression guaranteed by the national Constitution. He warned that this move represents a significant setback for democracy in Gabon, labeling the text as “liberticidal” and inconsistent with the country’s legal foundations.
Legal status and government objectives
The ordinance was enacted during a parliamentary intersession, meaning it is immediately enforceable. However, it must still be presented to Parliament, where lawmakers will have the authority to ratify, amend, or strike it down. This legislative development comes at a time when social media services have been officially suspended in Gabon since last February.
Government officials justify the move as a necessary step to protect the nation’s youth and eliminate digital misconduct. The primary goals cited include stopping the spread of insults and defamation, as well as preventing efforts to undermine state institutions.
